为进一步明晰高速公路路域土壤重金属污染特征和评估其生态风险，以G25长春至双辽段、G12白城至松原段和松原至长春段高速公路为例，分别沿公路走向，按到公路不同距离采集表层土壤样品，利用ICP-OES和ICP-MS测定土壤重金属（As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn）含量，通过应用SPSS对数据统计分析，分别采用内梅罗指数法、地质累积指数法及潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价。结果表明：9种土壤重金属平均含量均大于其对照样，受公路交通影响比较明显；随着到公路距离的增加，土壤重金属含量基本在30m以内达到峰值，但不同重金属出现峰值的位置不同，总体呈减少的趋势；G12两段高速公路路域土壤出现砷污染，其他土壤重金属尚未达到污染水平；从潜在生态危害指数值来看，3段高速公路重金属污染均属于中等生态危害，说明高速公路运营增加了路域土壤重金属污染生态风险。为此，交通行业应加强高速公路占地界内和占地界外土壤重金属含量对比分析，为科学的污染防控和治理提供依据。
In order to further clarify the heavy metal pollution characteristics of roadside soil along expressway and assess its ecological risk, taking Changchun-Shuangliao section of G25 expressway, Baicheng-Songyuan and Songyuan-Changchun section of G12 Expressway as examples, topsoil samples were collected along the road direction and at different distances from the expressway. Concentrations of soil heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data were analyzed by SPSS, and the assessment methods of Nemerow index, Geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution. The results showed that the average concentrations of nine soil heavy metals were higher than those in the control, indicating that heavy metals contents were obviously affected by road traffic. With the increasing of distance from the expressway, the concentrations of soil heavy metals tended to decrease in general. The content of heavy metals in soil basically reached the peak within 30m away from the expressway, but the peak positions of different heavy metals were different. Except that arsenic pollution occurred in the soil along 2 sections of G12 expressway, other soil heavy metals had not reached the pollution level. Based on the results of potential ecological risk index, the roadside soil heavy metal pollutions of the three sections of 2 expressways had reached medium ecological risk level, which indicated that the construction and operation of expressway increased the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. The transportation industry should strengthen the comparative analysis of soil heavy metal content within and outside the land occupation boundary of expressway, so as to provide basis for scientific pollution prevention and control.
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