为探索丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF）在青藏高原路域植被恢复中应用的可行性，利用盆栽实验和野外实验对星星草分别接种摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae, GM）、幼套球囊霉（Glomus etunicatum, GE）和缩球囊霉（Glomus constrictum, GC），并与未接种进行对照，分析了不同AMF对星星草菌根侵染率、株高、地上和地下生物量等指标的影响。盆栽实验结果表明，3种AMF均能侵染星星草根系并形成菌根，GM, GC和GE对星星草根系的侵染率分别为41.5%，36.25%和34.25%；与对照相比，3种AMF均对星星草株高、植株地上生物量、地下生物量及总生物量的增加作用显著；GM使星星草地上部分氮、磷、钾含量分别增加了27.74%，100%和17.48%，GC使以上指标分别增加了26.01%，61.90%和13.43%；3种AMF也提高了土壤含水量和氮、磷、钾含量。野外实验结果也表明，AMF显著增加了植株株高和覆盖度。研究结果表明，AMF能显著促进星星草的生长，在青藏高原路域植被恢复中具有较大的应用潜力。
In order to explore the application feasibility of AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) in vegetation restoration of roadside in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the seeds of Puccinellia tenuiflora were inoculated with GM(Glomus mosseae), GE(Glomus etunicatum) and GC(Glomus constrictum) separately by pot experiment and field experiment, and taking no-inculation as control check. The effects of AMF on the colonization rate, height, shoot biomass, root biomass and other indicators of Puccinellia tenuiflora rate were analyzed. The results of pot experiment showed that all three AMF species could infect the root system of Puccinellia tenuiflora and form mycorrhiza; the colonization percentage of GM, GC and GE were 41.5%, 36.25% and 34.25% respectively; compared with the control, the height, aboveground biomass, underground biomass and total biomass of plants were significantly increased by the three AMF species; the content of N, P and K of the upper part of Puccinellia tenuiflora inoculated by GM were increased by 27.74%, 100%, 17.48%, and the same index enhanced by GC were 26.01%, 61.90% and 13.43%; Meanwhile, soil water content and soil N, P and K content were also increased by three AMF species. The results of field experiments also showed that the growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora and the vegetation coverage were promoted significantly by AMF. The results demonstrate that AMF could promote the growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora and has great application potential in vegetation restoration of roadside in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
[1] 孔亚平，陈济丁，辛有俊. 青藏公路多年冻土路段沿线植被及其变化[J]. 公路，2008（3）：179-184．
[2] 陈学平，杨艳刚，王云，等. 青藏高原高寒区公路边坡铺植草皮演替特征与草皮利用启示[J]. 公路，2019， 64（5）：262-267．
[3] 陈济丁，王新军，李祝龙，等. 高海拔高寒地区高速公路建设环境问题及其保护[J]. 公路与自然，2014，21（2）： 95-99．
[4] 陈济丁，孔亚平，何子文. 青藏高原多年冻土地区公路边坡植被生长的观测与研究[J]. 冰川冻土，2008，30（4）：704-709．
[5] GIANINAZZI S, GOLLOTTE A, BINET M N, et al. Agroecology: the key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2010, 20(8): 519-530.
[6] BENDER S F, WAGG C, VAN DER HEIJDEN M G A. An underground revolution: biodiversity and soil ecological engineering for agricultural sustainability[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2016, 31(6): 440-452.
[7] VOSáTKA M, LáTR A, GIANINAZZI S, et al. Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal biotechnology and industry: current achievements and bottlenecks[J]. Symbiosis, 2012, 58(1-3): 29-37.
[8] ZIANE H, MEDDAD-HAMZA A, BEDDIAR A, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fertilization levels on industrial tomato growth and production[J]. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2017, 19(2): 341-347.
[9] 任禛，夏体渊，陈丽娟，等. 不同丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生理相关指标的影响[J]. 西南农业学报，2015，28（2）：563-568．
[10] HU W T, ZHANG H Q, CHEN H, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizas influence Lycium barbarum tolerance of water stress in a hot environment[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2017, 27(5): 451-463.
[11] 刘欢，姚拓，李建宏，等. 丛枝菌根真菌对番茄生长的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报，2017，52（4）：75-81．
[12] 吴亚胜，郭世荣，张杰，等. 亚精胺和丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报，2018，29（3）：891-898．
[13] ASMELASH F, BEKELE T, BIRHANE E. The potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the restoration of degraded lands[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7: 1095.
[14] 张艳，王冬梅，王国，等. 丛枝菌根真菌对植被恢复的作用[J]. 湖南农业科学，2010，39（24）：30-31，33．
[15] 王茜，董梅，王强，等. 不同丛枝菌根真菌对青藏高原高寒草原优良牧草垂穗披碱草生长的促生效应[J].云南农业大学学报（自然科学），2014，29（6）：840-846．
[16] 石伟琦，丁效东，张士荣. 丛枝菌根真菌对羊草生物量和氮磷吸收及土壤碳的影响[J]. 西北植物学报，2011，31（2）：357-362．
[17] 王力华，韩桂云，李琳，等. 菌根技术在沙地植被恢复中的研究[J]. 生态学杂志，2004，23（5）：236-240．
[18] 陈飞. 松嫩盐碱草地星星草根围AM真菌多样性及功能研究[D]. 哈尔滨：东北林业大学，2017．
[19] 毕银丽. 丛枝菌根真菌在煤矿区沉陷地生态修复应用研究进展[J]. 菌物学报，2017，36（7）：800-806．
[20] 陈保冬，于萌，郝志鹏，等. 丛枝菌根真菌应用技术研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报，2019，30（3）：1035-1046．
[21] 单永体，付咪咪，王艳华. 青海 G214护坡植被恢复中不同植物配比的恢复效果研究[J]. 公路交通技术，2015，31（1）：144-148．
[22] 刘欢，姚拓，刘婷，等. 不同丛枝菌根真菌对苜蓿生长的影响[J]. 草原与草坪，2017，37（4）：61-67．
[23] 鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2000．
[24] 任爱天，鲁为华，杨洁晶，等. 不同磷水平下AM真菌对紫花苜蓿生长和磷利用的影响[J]. 中国草地学报，2014，36（6）：72-78．
[25] LIU C G, DAI Z, CUI M Y, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate Boron toxicity in Puccinellia tenuiflora under the combined stresses of salt and drought[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 240(9): 557-565.
[26] 张良，杨春雪. 盐碱胁迫对星星草——丛枝菌根真菌共生体酶活性及游离氨基酸的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报，2018，46（11）：91-96．
[27] GARC?A I V, MENDOZA R E. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbiosis in a saline-sodic soil[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2007, 17(3): 167-174.
[28] MENA-VIOLANTE H G, OCAMPO-JIMéNEZ O, DENDOOVEN L, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance fruit growth and quality of Chile Ancho (Capsicum annuum L. cv San Luis) plants exposed to drought[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2006, 16(4): 261-267.
[29] WU S L, ZHANG X, SUN Y Q, et al. Transformation and immobilization of chromium by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as revealed by SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, and XAFS[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, 49(24): 14036-14047.
[30] 陈梅梅，陈保冬，王新军，等. 不同磷水平土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌对植物生长和养分吸收的影响[J]. 生态学报，2009，29（4）：1980-1986．
京公网安备 11010102003417号
京ICP备17006742号-3