隧道路段驾驶人心理负荷变化与交通安全关系紧密。为研究驾驶人在出入隧道路段过程中的心理负荷变化规律，在城市隧道路段开展实车实验。首先利用 D-Lab软件的Dikablis眼动追踪系统和Physio生理采集系统采集驾驶人的眼动数据和心电数据，分析瞳孔面积变化率、注视时间变化规律及驾驶人心率变异性。然后，基于瞳孔面积变化率、注视时间、RR间期标准差和RR间期差值平方根4项指标，利用因子分析法构建了驾驶人心理负荷计算模型。研究结果表明：在进出隧道过程中，驾驶人瞳孔面积变化率、注视时间及心率变异性均存在显著变化；驾驶人心理负荷可从视觉负荷和生理负荷两方面解释量化，两个公因子的累计方差贡献率为83.165%，其中视觉负荷的方差贡献率为42.689%，生理负荷的方差贡献率为40.476%；驾驶人在进出隧道过程中心理负荷具有显著差异，驶入隧道的过程中心理负荷显著增大，驶出隧道的过程中心理负荷显著减小。因此，在隧道安全设计和道路交通安全预警中，应对驾驶人心理负荷变化规律予以考虑。
The change of drivers′ psychological load in tunnel is closely related to traffic safety. In order to study the change regularity of drivers′ psychological load while driving through urban tunnels, real vehicle tests were carried out in an urban tunnel. Firstly, the eye movement data and electrocardiograph data were collected by Dikablis eye tracking system and Physio physiological acquisition system of D-Lab software, and pupil area change rate, fixation time and heart rate variability were analyzed. Then, based on the pupil area change rate, fixation time, RR interval standard deviation and the square root of RR interval difference, a calculation model of drivers′ psychological load was built using the factor analysis method. The results indicated that there were significant changes in drivers′ pupil area change rate, fixation time and heart rate variability in the process of entering and leaving the tunnel; the driver's psychological load could be explained and quantified by visual load and physiological load; the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two common factors was 83.165%, in which the variance contribution rate of visual load and physiological load was 42.689% and 40.476% respectively; the psychological load had significant difference in the process of entering and leaving the tunnel, the psychological load increased significantly in the process of entering the tunnel and decreased significantly when leaving the tunnel. Therefore, in tunnel safety design and road traffic safety warning, the drivers′ psychological load should be considered.
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