为科学评价城市公交企业运营效率,根据公交企业运营特点,将公交企业运营过程分为运营生产和运营服务两个阶段;考虑非期望产出影响,采用网络SBM (Slack-Based Measure)和视窗分析(Window Analysis)相结合的方式,对我国18个公交企业运营效率进行分析评价。结果显示:评价周期内样本企业综合运营效率总体呈下降趋势;运营服务阶段效率差异大于运营生产阶段效率,中小型企业运营服务阶段效率显著高于大型企业;西部和中部地区的公交企业运营服务阶段效率高于东部地区。因此,对公交企业运营生产和运营服务的分别评价有助于企业管理者进一步优化经营策略从而提质增效。
In order to scientifically evaluate the efficiency of urban public transport operators, according to the characteristics of urban public transport enterprises′ operation, the operation process was defined as two stages, production stage and service providing stage. Considering the effect of undesirable output, network Slack-Based Measure and Window Analysis were used to evaluate 18 urban public transport operators in China. Results show that the comprehensive efficiencies of sample operators go down during the evaluation period; the variance of the efficiency scores at production stage are higher than service providing stage; the operation and service efficiency of small and medium-sized operators is significantly higher than that of large operators; operators in Central and Western China are generally more efficient than those in Eastern China area at service providing stage. The proposed evaluation method allows operators identify their operation efficiency at different stages, which could help operators to improve overall efficiency by optimizing their operation strategies.
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