在我国全面深化改革重大战略中，政府与市场关系的处理是核心。应用中央政府-地方政 府-市场三元结构模型，总结了交通运输行业政府与市场结构演变的历史与未来发展趋势。重点 论述了新时期交通运输行业中央政府-地方政府-市场的结构分配。在政府与市场关系处理方面， 提出在“市场发挥资源配置的决定性作用”背景下交通运输政府部门职能转变的方向，即退出竞 争性领域、强化政策制定、优化发展规划、弱化市场监管、创新公共产品与服务提供模式。在中 央政府与地方政府关系处理方面，论述了财税体制改革的落实将大幅提升地方政府的财权和支出 责任，地方交通运输管理部门将逐步发挥行业管理的主导作用。最后提出，交通运输行业应进一 步明确职责定位、以强有力的制度和法律法规作为保障，完善三者关系，全力切实推进全面深化 改革战略实施

The relationship between government and market is the core of the significant strategy of comprehensively deepening the reform in China. According to the central government-local governmentmarket three-element structure model, the history and the future of the structure of government and mar⁃ ket in transportation industry were summarized. The structure distribution of central government-local government-market in transportation industry in the new period was mainly discussed. In terms of the re⁃ lationship between government and market, the transferring directions of transportation government func⁃ tion were given in the background of market determining. These were getting out from competitive field, strengthening policies, optimizing planning, weakening market supervising, innovating the mode of pub⁃ lic product and service providing mode. In terms of the relationship between central government and lo⁃ cal government, the implementation of financial and taxation system reform will extremely enhance the local government′s power and responsibility of finance, and local government will lead the transportation industry administration. Finally, the conclusion was given that the relationship of central government, lo⁃ cal government and market should be improved with a strong backup of policies and laws according to a clear duty division, in order to effectively promote the implementation of strategy of comprehensively deepening the reform.