研究和探讨21 世纪海上丝绸之路，必然涉及海洋运输航道安全问题，而现阶段紧密结合 21 世纪海上丝绸之路进行航道安全研究的成果较少。在文献综述基础上，通过界定21 世纪海上 丝绸之路的范围，明晰航道安全的研究对象，从战略物资进口通道角度切入，用详实的数据论 证了海上丝绸之路承载着我国能源进口、对外贸易、国家安全等战略重任。立足当前国内外宏 观形势，归类梳理了航道沿线宏观环境错综复杂、航道沿线国别之间协调合作机制欠佳、航道 运输规划和管理水平有待提高和其他不可抗风险等四方面存在的安全风险，并从坚持和平外交 政策、尝试建立21 世纪南海经济圈、积极构建地区沟通合作平台、力求掌握航道安全主动权等 角度提出了针对性较强的意见建议，争取为建设安全、繁荣、互利共赢的21 世纪海上丝绸之路 开阔新思路。

The safety of maritime transportation fairways cannot be circumvented when talking about the Maritime Silk Road in 21st century. However, this field has not been adequately studied. Based on literature review, by defining the area of Maritime Silk Road in 21st century, it is demonstrated that the Maritime Silk Road is important on energy imports, foreign trade, national security, etc., with detailed da⁃ ta from the perspective of China′s imports of strategic materials. Based on the current macroeconomic sit⁃ uation at home and abroad, four security risks such as the complex macroeconomic environment along the fairways, poor coordination and cooperation among the countries, inefficient planning and manage⁃ ment, and other non-anti-risk security risks were summarized. At the same time, some suggestions were proposed from the following aspects such as persisting in peaceful diplomatic policy, establishing the South China Sea economic circle of the 21st century, setting up regional cooperation platform, seizing the initiative of fairway security actively, etc., so as to provide new idea and method for the safety, pros⁃ perity and mutual beneficial of Maritime Silk Road in 21st century.