无人机与卡车协同配送的多维度研究综述

邸振; 黎晓芬; 石俊刚

doi:10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.06.013

交通运输研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (6) : 165-180. DOI: 10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.06.013

技术与方法

无人机与卡车协同配送的多维度研究综述

作者信息 +

A Multi-Dimensional Research Review on Collaborative Delivery of Drones and Trucks

DI Zhen ,
LI Xiaofen ,
SHI Jungang

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为梳理无人机与卡车协同配送领域的研究脉络，厘清其问题分类、优化维度与算法趋势，识别研究局限并提出发展方向，基于文献综述法，回顾和分析了2015—2025年的113篇中英文文献。将无人机与卡车协同配送问题归纳为三大核心类型——带无人机的旅行商问题、多无人机旅行商问题及带无人机的车辆路径问题，并从目标函数、约束条件及求解算法等3个维度进行剖析。结果表明，该领域已呈现出多目标、多约束与算法融合的特征：目标函数由单一的成本优化扩展至成本、时间与能耗的综合优化；约束条件涵盖了载重、续航及时间窗等关键因素；求解算法则形成了精确算法、启发式算法与混合算法并存的格局。然而，目前的研究在动态环境适应性及异构车队深度协同等方面仍存在不足，未来应聚焦于多智能体协同决策理论、自适应优化算法及智能实时调度系统等方向，以推动无人机与卡车协同配送技术的成熟与实际应用。

Abstract

To summarize the research landscape of drone-truck collaborative delivery, clarify the problem classification, optimization dimensions, and algorithm trends, identify research limitations, and propose development directions, 113 Chinese and English papers on drone-truck collaborative delivery from 2015 to 2025 were reviewed and analyzed based on a literature review method. The relevant delivery problems were summarized into three core types: Traveling Salesman Problem with Drones, Traveling Salesman Problem with Multiple Drones, and Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones. These were analyzed from three dimensions: objective functions, constraints, and solution algorithms. The results indicate that the field has evolved to exhibit characteristics of multi-objective optimization, multi-constraint integration, and algorithmic hybridization. Specifically, objective functions have expanded from single-cost optimization to comprehensive optimization encompassing cost, time, and energy consumption; constraints cover critical factors such as payload capacity, endurance, and time windows; and solution algorithms have formed a diverse landscape comprising exact algorithms, heuristic algorithms, and hybrid approaches. However, current research still exhibits limitations in areas such as adaptability to dynamic environments and deep collaboration within heterogeneous fleets. Future efforts should focus on directions such as multi-agent collaborative decision-making theories, adaptive optimization algorithms, and intelligent real-time scheduling systems to advance the maturity and practical application of drone-truck collaborative delivery technology.

导出引用

邸振, 黎晓芬, 石俊刚. 无人机与卡车协同配送的多维度研究综述[J]. 交通运输研究. 2025, 11(6): 165-180 https://doi.org/10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.06.013

DI Zhen, LI Xiaofen, SHI Jungang. A Multi-Dimensional Research Review on Collaborative Delivery of Drones and Trucks[J]. Transport Research. 2025, 11(6): 165-180 https://doi.org/10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.06.013

中图分类号： U491 U8

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国家自然科学基金项目(72161010)

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收稿日期	出版日期
2025-11-16	2025-12-25
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2026-01-28

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