为应对低空经济在新质生产力驱动下快速发展带来的安全挑战，实现低空经济高质量发展与高水平安全的动态平衡，以总体国家安全观为指引，深入分析低空经济“新质发展”与“新兴风险”的复杂耦合机理及风险生成逻辑，并探索低空经济现代化治理体系的构建。采用系统分析法将总体国家安全观中“发展与安全并重”的核心要义转化为低空经济治理的具体准则，并从法治规范、技术赋能、机制协同等3个维度提出低空经济现代化治理体系的构建路径。研究发现，现有治理体系主要面临法律法规供给滞后、技术监管能力不足、多元主体协同机制碎片化等关键问题，难以形成对高并发、异质性风险的系统性防御能力。这些困境阻碍了可视、可测、可控的全生命周期安全保障体系的构建。基于此，提出以法治化、技术化、机制化为核心路径，构建一套现代化低空安全保障体系，实现治理能力的整体跃升。研究表明，低空经济治理的范式转型需实现从传统人工许可向数字化动态治理的跨越，通过法律制度重构、数字化底座与机制创新协同降低系统性风险，确保低空经济安全有序发展。

To cope with the security challenges arising from the rapid development of the low-altitude economy driven by new quality productive forces, and to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between high-quality development and high-level security in this sector, this study is guided by a holistic approach to national security, and explores the construction of a modern governance system for the low-altitude economy. It conducts an in-depth analysis of the complex coupling mechanism and risk generation logic between the "new-quality development" and "emerging risks" of the low-altitude economy. Employing an approach of systems analysis, the study translates the core principle of "equally prioritizing development and security" from the holistic approach to national security into specific governance guidelines for the low-altitude economy. It proposes a three-dimensional pathway for constructing a modern governance system: legal norms, technological empowerment, and mechanism coordination. Findings indicate that the existing governance system primarily faces critical challenges such as lag in the formulation of laws and regulations, insufficient technological supervision capability, and fragmented coordination mechanisms among diverse stakeholders. These issues hinder the formation of systemic defenses against high-concurrency, heterogeneous risks, thereby obstructing the establishment of a full-lifecycle safety assurance system characterized by visibility, measurability, and controllability. The study proposes a modernized low-altitude safety assurance system centered on legalization, technological advancement, and institutional mechanisms to achieve a comprehensive leap in governance capacity. The research concludes that transforming the governance paradigm for the low-altitude economy requires a shift from traditional manual permitting to digital dynamic governance. This transition involves reconstructing legal frameworks, establishing a digital foundation, and innovating mechanisms to synergistically reduce systemic risks, thereby ensuring the safe and orderly development of the low-altitude economy.