城市公共交通补贴补偿机制国际经验及其启示

刘洋, 杜云柯, 赵屾, 于洋, 张晓悦

交通运输研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 95-102.

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交通运输研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 95-102. DOI: 10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.03.009
国外经验

城市公共交通补贴补偿机制国际经验及其启示

作者信息 +

International Experience and Its Enlightenment about Urban Public Transportation Subsidy & Compensation Mechanism

Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

为进一步加强城市公共交通发展资金保障,推动我国城市公共交通健康可持续发展,对法国、德国、日本等国家和地区在城市公共交通补贴补偿机制上利用税费收入反哺城市公共交通、实施城市公共交通综合税费减免、鼓励开展综合开发、多方式筹措资金等先进经验和做法进行梳理和分析。针对我国城市公共交通补贴缺口持续扩大、票价长期未调整、综合开发存在政策制约等问题,借鉴国际先进经验并结合我国具体国情,提出相应的对策建议,包括:新增专项税费用于支持城市公共交通发展,延续现有城市公共交通税收优惠政策,优化城市公共交通价格体系及定价机制,以及制定城市公共交通综合开发支持政策等。

Abstract

In order to further strengthen the funding guarantee for the development of urban public transportation and promote the healthy and sustainable development of urban public transportation in China, this paper summarized and analyzed the advanced experience and practices of the urban public transportation subsidy and compensation mechanisms in France, Germany, Japan and other countries and regions in using tax revenue to support urban public transportation, implementing comprehensive tax and fee reductions for urban public transportation, encouraging comprehensive development, and raising funds through multiple means. In response to the continuous widening gap of urban public transportation subsidies, the long-term unadjusted ticket prices, and policy constraints on comprehensive development in China, the paper drew on the advanced experience of other countries and regions, and combined it with the actual condition of China′s mainland to propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, including: adding special taxes and fees to support the development of urban public transportation, continuing existing tax incentives for urban public transportation, optimizing the pricing system and mechanism of urban public transportation, and formulating policies to support the comprehensive development of urban public transportation.

关键词

城市公共交通 / 补贴 / 补偿 / 政策 / 正外部性 / 国际经验

Key words

urban public transportation / subsidy / compensate / policy / positive externality / international experience

引用本文

导出引用
刘洋, 杜云柯, 赵屾, . 城市公共交通补贴补偿机制国际经验及其启示[J]. 交通运输研究. 2025, 11(3): 95-102 https://doi.org/10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.03.009
LIU Yang, DU Yunke, ZHAO Shen, et al. International Experience and Its Enlightenment about Urban Public Transportation Subsidy & Compensation Mechanism[J]. Transport Research. 2025, 11(3): 95-102 https://doi.org/10.16503/j.cnki.2095-9931.2025.03.009
中图分类号: U121   

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基金

中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费项目(20254807)

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