交通强国建设对公路数字化转型升级提出了更高要求。数字孪生连通物理世界与数字世界，为公路交通的数字化转型落地实施提供新的路径。针对目前公路交通数字孪生应用中存在的缺少基础理论研究、应用价值分析不足、体系架构与技术体系亟待深化、理论实践有待持续迭代等问题，围绕公路交通数字孪生基础理论与实践案例展开研究。在明确公路交通数字孪生内涵、外延、特征和定义等理论的基础上，分析公路典型应用场景、需求与价值，梳理适用的数字孪生平台架构和关键技术体系，对比分析典型应用案例，探讨数字孪生规模化应用面临的挑战与瓶颈，给出公路交通数字孪生可持续发展的建议。研究结果表明：公路交通数字孪生的实践应突破“物联感知”与“可视呈现”阶段，聚焦“降本增效提质”本质目标，提升“双向互动”和“模拟择优”能力，支持“人民满意、保障有力、世界前列”的交通强国建设。

The construction of a country with strong transportation network has put forward higher requirements for highway digital transformation and upgrading. Digital twin provides a new path for the implementation of the digital transformation of highway transportation as it connects the physical world and the digital world. The paper focused on the basic theory and practice case of digital twin in highway transportation, aiming at the problems of lack of basic theoretical research, insufficient analysis of application value, urgent deepening of system architecture and technical system, and continuous iteration of theoretical practice in the current applications. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, extension, characteristics, and definition of digital twin in highway transportation, the paper analyzed typical application scenarios, needs, and values of highways, sorted out applicable digital twin platform architectures and key technical systems, compared and analyzed typical application cases, explored the challenges and bottlenecks faced by the large-scale application of digital twin, and provided suggestions for the sustainable development of digital twin in highway transportation. The research results show that the application of digital twin technology in highway transportation should break through the current stages of "internet of things perception" and "visual presentation", focus on the essential goal of "cost reduction, efficiency enhancement, and quality improvement", enhance the ability of "two-way interaction" and "simulation and optimization", and support the construction of a country with strong transportation network that satisfies the people, effectively ensures security, and is at the forefront of the world.