为全面掌握我国交通运输业当前的运营状况和生产率水平，更准确地分析交通运输业的经济增长点和更好地促进行业高质量发展，利用Malmquist生产率指数模型，通过对全行业及分领域的投入产出要素的测算，分析了全行业的全要素生产率水平，并对比了行业各领域的全要素生产率发展情况。结果显示：2003—2018年，全行业全要素生产率在平稳波动中有所增长，各分领域的生产率也在波动中不断变化；公路、水路、民航的全要素生产率增长较快，年均增长率在3.6%左右，主要得益于资源配置效率和技术进步率的共同提高；铁路运输业全要素生产率年均增长率较低，低于行业平均水平。根据测算结果分析，应继续推进体制改革，加快行业转型升级步伐，推动资源配置效率的最大化，以提高行业全要素生产率。

In order to fully grasp the current operation status and productivity level of China's transportation industry, correctly analyze the economic growth points and promote the high-quality development of the transportation industry, the input and output factors in the whole industry and sub-fields were measured using Malmquist productivity index model, the level of the whole industry′s Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was analyzed, and the developments of TFP in different fields of the transportation industry were compared. The results show that: from 2003 to 2018, the whole industry′s TFP has a slight increase in the steady fluctuation, and the productivity of various sub-fields have changed in the fluctuation. Mainly due to the improvement of resource allocation efficiency and technological progress rate，the TFP of highways, waterways and civil aviation grows rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of about 3.6%. The annual growth rate of railway transportation′s TFP is low, which is lower than the average level of the industry. According to the calculation results, system reform should be promoted continuously, industrial transformation and upgrading should be accelerated, the efficiency of resource allocation should be maximized, to improve the TFP of transportation industry.