针对我国城市道路交通标志存在的诸多共性问题,从交通标志的设计规范和使用两个角度展开研究。首先从交通标志的设计理念、信息内容、版面样式、空间位置及标志维护5 个方面对中美两国国标层次的交通标志规范进行对比分析。然后以首都国际机场公共区为例,在分析和借鉴华盛顿杜勒斯机场交通标志设计与设置经验的基础上,指出我国首都机场公共区交通标志存在的问题。最后针对性地提出5点建议:统一双语翻译格式、重视道路编号的使用、增强版面易读性、重复提示并多级预告重要信息、重视交通标志的维护,以合理优化我国城市交通标志设计,体现“以人为本”理念,树立城市品质形象。
Abstract
In consideration of the common problems existing in traffic signs system of urban road in China, the research was carried out from two aspects: design standard and use of traffic sign. First, a comparative analysis of traffic sign standards at national standard level between China and America was made from five aspects: design concept, information content, layout style, space location and maintenance. Then taking Beijing Capital International Airport as an example, on the basis of analyzing and learning from the experience of design and installation of traffic signs at Washington Dulles Airport, the existing problems of traffic signs in public areas of Beijing Capital International Airport were pointed out. Finally, five suggestions are put forward: unifying bilingual translation format, putting emphasis on the use of route numbers, enhancing layout readability, increasing amount of signs that involve important information, and paying attention to maintenance of signs, which can rationally optimize the design of urban traffic signs in China, embody the people-oriented concept, and establish the quality image of urban.
关键词
交通标志 /
规范对比 /
设计优化 /
位置优化 /
标志维护
Key words
traffic sign /
comparison of standards /
design optimization /
location optimization /
sign maintenance
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] SCHNELL T, ZWAHLEN T. Legibility Threshold Contrast of Uppercase Text Seen Against a Dark Background[J]. Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1999, 43(2): 1338-1342.
[2] SHINAR D, DEWAR R E, SUMMALA H, et al. Traffic Sign Symbol Comprehension: A Cross- Cultural Study[J]. Ergonomics, 2003, 46(15): 1549.
[3] NG A, CHAN A H S. Cognitive Design Features on Traffic Signs[J]. Engineering Letters, 2007, 14(1): 13-18.
[4] 刘小明,张伟,魏中华,等. 指路标志版面评价与优化[J]. 北京工业大学学报,2015(1):95-102.
[5] 方成,许晖,虞劼. 道路交通标志版面辅助设计研究[J]. 交通运输工程与信息学报,2011,9(3):43-48.
[6] 侯德藻,黄凯,韩文元,等. 基于驾驶员认知特性的汉字指路标志字高模型研究[J]. 公路交通科技, 2010,27(3):142-146.
[7] ZHAO Y. Determination of English Letter Height of Road Signs for Foreign Drivers Based on Animation Technology[J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013, 6(9): 1562-1565.
[8] 崔正虎. 城市道路指路标志文字排版方式及信息量对路网空间表征的影响[D]. 杭州:浙江理工大学, 2015.
[9] 杜志刚,潘晓东,郭雪斌. 交通指路标志信息量与视认性关系[J]. 交通运输工程学报,2008,8(1):118-122.
[10] 程迎迎,陈飞,黄晓明,等. 不同特性驾驶员指路标志信息认知差异[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(4):871-875.
[11] LYU N C, XIE L, WU C Z, et al. Driver’s Cognitive Workload and Driving Performance under Traffic Sign Information Exposure in Complex Environments: A Case Study of the Highways in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2017, 14(2): 203.
[12] OHNO R, WADA Y. Testing Guide Signs’Visibility for Pedestrians in Motion by an Immersive Visual Simulation System[M]. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
[13] 徐洪亮,张太雄,唐伯明,等. 美国州际公路交通标志的设计与使用借鉴[J]. 中外公路,2009,29(6):24-27.
[14] 陈明磊,唐伯明,刘唐志,等. 美国高速公路出入口指路标志设置方法[J]. 中外公路,2011,31(2):281-285.
[15] 李伟,陈宏云,张高强. 美日中三国公路指路标志设置比较研究[J]. 中外公路,2007,27(6):190-193.
[16] 操春燕,栗慧龙,吴兵,等. 对道路交通标志牌设置的对比研究[J]. 交通标准化,2007(1):121-124.
[17] 李泰霖. 中美两国交通指示标志异同对比分析[J]. 交通世界,2017(4):142-143,147.
[18] 中华人民共和国公安部,中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 城市道路交通标志和标线设置规范: GB 51038—2015[S]. 北京:中国计划出版社,2015.
[19] Federal Highway Administration of US Department of Transportation. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices [M]. 2009 Edition. Washington D C: Federal Highway Administration of US Department of Transportation, 2012.
[20] 梁康之. 美国交通控制设施设置的五项基本原则[J]. 汽车与安全,2017(6):100-102.
[21] 曾小娟,胡利兵,曾瑛. 武汉市公识语英文翻译规范化研究—— 《公共服务领域英文译写规范》国家标准地方推广应用研究[J]. 科教文汇,2018(1):176-177.
[22] 隋亚刚,王宏,刘英毅,等. 美国、日本交通指路标示系统的主要特点(续一)[J]. 道路交通与安全,2008(2):60-64.
[23] Federal Aviation Administration. Advisory Circular 150/5360-12F: Airport Signing and Graphics[S]. Washington DC: Federal Aviation Administration Office of Airport Safety and Standards, 2013.
[24] 董俊虹,庞岚. 英语单词大小写对中国英语学习者单词识别的影响探讨[J]. 湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版),2009,11(5):218-219.