针对铁路集装箱空箱调运研究的背景及现实意义，回顾了铁路集装箱空箱调运的研究历 程，从研究思路、研究方法方面总结出专家学者最新的研究成果及研究方向，即目前研究主要集 中在多目标组合优化、网络优化及随机机会约束规划等方面。然后，对比分析了各类理论模型的 优缺点，指出现有优化模型（基于铁路的多式联运下的集装箱空箱调运、空重箱协同优化等） 应 在充分考虑影响调运因素的情况下做更深入的研究，并提出未来的研究应将空箱调运和空车调配 问题结合起来，进行二者的整体优化，避免因只考虑集装箱空箱调运而导致建模上的不完备；为 了提高客户服务质量，对调运时间的可靠性也不可忽视。

In view of the railway empty container transportation research background and its practical significance, the research history of railway empty container allocation was reviewed, the latest research results and directions of experts and scholars were concluded from the aspects of the research ideas and research methods. And it was pointed out that the present research focused on multi-objective combinatorial optimization, network optimization and random chance constrained programming, etc. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of various theoretical models were analyzed contrastingly, pointing out that the existing optimization models (multimodal transport dispatching empty containers based on railway, empty & heavy collaborative optimization, etc.) should be studied further in the case of considering the factors influencing the dispatching fully. And it was put forward that railway empty container allocation and railway empty car deployment should be combined together with the overall optimization so as to avoid modeling incompletely because of only considering empty container transportation, and scheduling time reliability also shouldn′t be ignored in order to improve the quality of customer service.