To explore the impact of horizontal alignment of highway on temporal and spatial characters of birds′ roadkill, from 2007 to 2019, we carried out 345 times field investigation and total length reached 4000km along 3 highways within and around Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve in different seasons by the ways of walking, biking and driving. We focused on the difference of birds′ roadkill between straight line and curve section among different seasons and highways with different width. The results indicated that: (1) at least 798 birds belonging to 50 species were recorded as roadkill, most roadkill species were Emberiza spodocephala (33.58%), Emberiza elegans (12.28%), Turdus hortulorum (8.27%), Emberiza tristrami (7.52%), Sitta europaea (6.02%), Tetrastes bonasia (4.01%) and Parus palustris (3.88%), which occupied 75.56% of total, and shrub birds and ground birds were prone to roadkill; (2) at straight line sections, species richness of roadkill was 38, and abundance occupied 63.2% of total, while at curve sections, species richness of roadkill was 35 and abundance occupied 36.8%; (3) roadkill at both curve and straight line sections were highest in summer, which reached 30.9% and 19.5% respectively, and roadkill at curve sections was more than that at line sections in all seasons; (4) birds′ roadkill at curve and straight line sections were similar on forest highway with 4m width, while the roadkill at curve sections was significantly higher than that at straight line sections on highway with 10m width. Totally, the roadkill at curve sections was significantly higher than line sections on highway in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve. Correspondingly, the article proposes three countermeasures to alleviate the death of birds on highway: (1) in areas with dense bird distribution or high habitat quality, the horizontal alignment of highway should be mainly straight sections and large radius curves; (2) at highway sections where birds′ roadkill is concentrated, and in summer or bird breeding periods, strict speed limit of 60km/h, traffic volume control and environmental education should be adopted; (3) future highway planning should consider the roadside vegetation of the curve section to be away from the highway a certain distance.
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