This article compares the similarities and differences between the traffic laws and road traffic sign setting practices of Chinese and German road speed limit and lane management, analyzes the problems existing in the practice of road speed limit and lane management in China. Drawing on the German experience, the settings of traffic signs for speed limit and lane management of two-way four-lane and eight-lane expressways in China are taken as examples. Therefore, the suggested sign setting schemes are given, namely: trucks (or large vehicles) drive in the right lane; passenger cars and trucks (or small passenger cars, large passenger cars and trucks) adopt different speed limit signs that should be set separately; and trucks are restricted from overloading according to the situation or needs. Finally, this article proposed amendments to China′s traffic laws on road speed limit and lane management, as well as improvements in technical research and specification formulation, traffic management practices, driver education and training.